Any time your doctor informs you that there’s a need for furthering tests, it can be frightening. But to make the most accurate diagnosis, every specialist knows that certainty comes from learning as much as possible. No treatment can begin without an accurate diagnosis.
Sometimes, specialist wants to confirm an initial diagnosis. Other times, the doctor may need to rule out other conditions. Regardless, when a gynecologist needs to obtain a clearer picture of your cervix or vagina, the accepted technique is to use a specialized magnifying lens with a light in a procedure called a colposcopy.
Why Would My Doctor Recommend a Colposcopy?
Several possible symptoms and conditions may warrant further testing with a colposcopy. For the test to be effective, make sure you have the test when you’re not menstruating. Avoid it if you think you may be pregnant, as well. The symptoms that may lead to a colposcopy include:
- Genital warts, as these often indicate a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which places you at a higher risk for cervical cancer
- Unusual or increased bleeding
- Non-cancerous or pre-cancerous growths called polyps
- Inflamed cervical tissue
The goal of observation tests such as a colposcopy is to quickly diagnose and treat any unusual tissue changes. Early detection and care always increase the chance of successful treatment outcomes. If you’re suffering from acute inflammation, a colposcopy may not be appropriate. If your gynecologist suspects pelvic inflammatory disease, other tests are recommended.
What Can I Expect During a Colposcopy?
Colposcopy procedures take between 10 and 20 minutes to complete. If your doctor chooses to take tissue samples or remove polyps, the process may take longer. You can expect a series of steps during the procedure, including:
- Receiving pain medication or a sedative if you’re anxious about the procedure. If your gynecologist suspects the need for a biopsy, you may receive local or general anesthesia
- Being asked to undress from the waist down. You’re given a sheet to drape over your lower body.
- Lying on an exam table on your back, with your feet placed in the footrests.
- Your doctor inserting a speculum into your vagina to carefully widen the opening.
- The doctor swabbing the area with iodine or a vinegar solution to better observe any abnormal tissue. You may feel a slight burning from this solution.
- Your gynecologist carefully placing the colposcope at the opening of your vagina to take pictures and possibly a video. The colposcope doesn’t enter your body.
- Your doctor possibly taking a small tissue sample, if abnormal tissue is revealed. The biopsy is sent for testing at the laboratory. It’s normal to feel a slight pinch or cramping as the tissue is removed. The doctor may place a medicated paste over the site to reduce these side effects.
After the procedure, the gynecology staff monitor your breathing and blood pressure. You may need to wear a sanitary pad for a few days as it’s common to have mild cramping, spotting and bleeding. Avoid douching, sexual activity and tampons for one week after the procedure. Your doctor may suggest over-the-counter pain relievers if necessary.
What Is My Doctor Looking for?
Abnormal cervical tissue usually appears as white or inflamed areas. Your gynecologist may also check for warts, sores or any changes to your blood vessels. If the laboratory finds abnormal tissue, further testing or treatment may be necessary, such as:
- Medications to treat infections
- Hormones to offset menopausal changes
- More extensive treatments if cancer cells are found